10 Steps to Installing a New Septic System in Middle Tennessee: A Comprehensive Guide
Installing a new septic system in Middle Tennessee is a crucial task for homeowners who are not connected to a municipal sewer system. The process requires careful planning, adherence to local regulations, and consideration of specific regional factors. Here’s a detailed guide to help you navigate the installation of a new septic system, along with some common complications that might arise.
Step 1: Assess Your Property
Objective: Determine the suitability of your property for a septic system.
Soil Testing - Engage a soil scientist to perform a percolation test. This determines the soil’s absorption rate, which is critical for designing an effective system.
Site Evaluation - Evaluate the topography, proximity to water sources, and existing structures. Avoid placing the system near wells, streams, or steep slopes.
Complications: Poor soil drainage or high water tables can make installation difficult or impossible without significant modifications.
Step 2: Obtain Necessary Permits
Objective: Ensure you have all required permits before beginning the installation.
Local Regulations: Contact the local health department or environmental agency to understand the specific permit requirements for your area.
Submit Plans: Provide detailed plans of the proposed system for approval. This includes the layout, type of system, and any special features.
Complications: Permitting delays can occur if the submitted plans do not meet local regulations or if additional information is required.
Step 3: Design the System
**Objective**: Create a detailed design for the septic system that suits your property’s needs.
- **Choose a System Type**: Select between conventional, aerobic treatment, or other advanced systems based on soil conditions and space.
- **Size and Capacity**: Calculate the system size based on the number of bedrooms or daily water usage.
**Complications**: Inadequate design can lead to system failures or increased maintenance costs. Complex soil or site conditions may require specialized systems.
Step 4: Hire a Qualified Contractor
**Objective**: Find an experienced septic system installer.
- **Research**: Look for licensed and insured contractors with good reviews and experience in septic system installation. Franklin Excavation is licensed in not only the state of Tennessee, but we also have the required Williamson County license
**Complications**: Inexperienced contractors may make errors that lead to costly repairs or system malfunctions. Ensure that the contractor is familiar with local regulations and soil conditions.
Step 5: Excavate the Site
**Objective**: Prepare the site for system installation.
- **Mark the Area**: Clearly mark the area where the system components will be installed.
- **Dig Trenches**: Excavate trenches for the septic tank and drain field. Ensure proper depth and width based on system design.
**Complications**: Unexpected rock or utility lines can delay excavation. Proper site preparation is crucial to avoid future issues with the system.
Step 6: Install the Septic Tank
**Objective**: Place the septic tank and connect it to your home’s plumbing.
- **Position the Tank**: Carefully lower the tank into the prepared trench.
- **Connect Plumbing**: Ensure proper connection between the tank and the house’s sewer lines.
**Complications**: Incorrect placement or poor connections can lead to leaks or system failure. Check for proper alignment and secure fittings.
Step 7: Install the Drain Field
**Objective**: Set up the drain field for wastewater dispersion.
- **Lay the Pipes**: Install perforated pipes in the drain field trenches to distribute effluent.
- **Add Gravel**: Cover the pipes with gravel to aid in water distribution and filtration.
**Complications**: Improper pipe placement or insufficient gravel can lead to ineffective wastewater treatment and system backups.
Step 8: Backfill and Grade the Site
**Objective**: Cover the system and ensure proper grading.
- **Backfill Trenches**: Carefully fill in the trenches with soil, avoiding heavy machinery that could damage the system.
- **Grade the Area**: Ensure the ground slopes away from the septic system to prevent surface water from flooding the area.
**Complications**: Uneven grading or improper backfilling can lead to drainage issues or surface water intrusion.
Step 9: Test the System
**Objective**: Verify that the septic system is functioning correctly.
- **Inspect Connections**: Check for leaks and ensure all connections are secure.
- **Monitor Performance**: Observe the system’s operation over the initial weeks to ensure it’s working as intended.
**Complications**: Initial performance issues might indicate design flaws or installation errors. Address any problems promptly to avoid long-term issues.
Step 10: Maintain and Monitor
**Objective**: Ensure the longevity and efficiency of your septic system.
- **Regular Inspections**: Schedule routine inspections to check for any signs of wear or malfunction.
- **Maintenance**: Pump the septic tank as needed, typically every 3-5 years, and avoid flushing non-biodegradable items.
**Complications**: Lack of maintenance can lead to system failures, backups, or costly repairs. Follow recommended maintenance schedules and practices to keep your system in good condition.
Common Complications and How to Address Them
- **Soil and Site Challenges**: In areas with rocky or clay-rich soil, additional measures such as advanced treatment systems might be needed.
- **Permit and Regulatory Issues**: Ensure that all local regulations are understood and followed to avoid delays or legal issues.
- **Unexpected Costs**: Budget for potential extra expenses, such as additional excavation or system upgrades, to handle unforeseen complications.
By following these steps and being aware of potential issues, you can successfully install a new septic system in Middle Tennessee and ensure it operates effectively for years to come. If in doubt, give us a call and we’d love to help with any step that you are in!